Architect systems serving millions of users — load balancing, caching, sharding, and microservices.
Learn to design highly available, fault-tolerant enterprise architectures: Horizontal vs Vertical scaling, Load Balancers (L4 vs L7), Caching strategies (Redis, CDN), Database replication and sharding, CAP Theorem, Message Queues (Kafka, RabbitMQ), Rate Limiting, and Microservices.
Vertical vs horizontal scaling, SLA/SLO/SLI metrics, latency vs throughput, and bottlenecks.
Layer 4 transport vs Layer 7 application load balancing, NGINX, HAProxy, and algorithms.
Cache-aside, write-through, write-behind, eviction policies (LRU, LFU), and cache invalidation.
Master-replica topologies, read replicas, horizontal sharding, and shard key selection.
Consistency, Availability, Partition Tolerance, PACELC theorem, and eventual consistency.
Pub/Sub architectures, message brokers, event-driven decoupling, and backpressure buffers.
Token Bucket, Leaky Bucket, Sliding Window Log, and API Gateway routing.
Service boundaries, Domain-Driven Design (DDD), gRPC vs REST, and Saga pattern distributed transactions.
Object storage (S3), block storage (EBS), file systems (NFS), and LSM-Trees vs B-Trees.
The 3 Pillars of Observability (Metrics, Logs, Traces), OpenTelemetry, Prometheus, and Grafana.
Step-by-step system design blueprints: TinyURL, Twitter Newsfeed, WhatsApp Chat, and YouTube Video Streaming.